Exploring colonial West Africa and the Scottish Musical Connection . The colonial era in West Africa, spanning from the late 1800s to the mid-20th century, deeply shaped the region’s identity. European powers — particularly Britain and France — asserted control, West Africans faced cultural suppression, resource exploitation, and forced migrations. Amidst these hardships, they preserved their languages, customs, and music, sowing the seeds of resilience and cultural pride.
